Republic of China (1912–1949)

The Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as China, was a sovereign state based in mainland China between 1912 and 1949, prior to the relocation of its government to the island of Taiwan. At a population of 541 million in 1949, it was the world’s most populous country. Covering 11.4 million square kilometers (4.4 million mi²), it consisted of 35 provinces, 1 special administrative region, 2 regions, 12 special municipalities, 14 leagues, and 4 special banners. This period is sometimes referred to as the Republican Era or the Mainland Period. (Wikipedia)